Risk and Severity
IMPORTANT NOTE: THIS INFORMATION IS NOT A SUBSTITUTE FOR A DIAGNOSIS BY YOUR HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONAL. ONLY A HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONAL CAN ASSESS THE RISK OF HAVING A LIFE-THREATENING ALLERGIC REACTION (ANAPHYLAXIS). This information is being provided for your education and to facilitate a discussion with your health care professional.
Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening allergic reaction to an allergen, typically foods, insect venom, medications, or physical exercise. People at risk of having a life-threatening allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) include those that have had a prior anaphylactic reaction. In addition, individuals who have had a prior mild reaction to an allergen may also be at risk, because a severe reaction may be preceded by a less serious one. The severity of previous allergic reactions is not a predictor of the severity of future reactions. We encourage you to talk to your health care professional should you be concerned that you or your child may be at risk for a life-threatening allergic reaction (anaphylaxis).
Anyone can develop a life-threatening allergy at any time in life, but certain factors may make some individuals susceptible to having a life-threatening allergic reaction (anaphylaxis). These factors can be divided into two categories: 1) general factors that increase the risk of having a life-threatening allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) and 2) factors that may increase the severity of a life-threatening allergic reaction (anaphylaxis). These are shown in Figures 1 and 2.
Factors that increase the risk of having a life-threatening allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) include (Figure 1):
- Exposure to certain allergens (triggers) such as food (eg, peanuts, tree nuts, fish, shellfish, eggs, and milk), stinging or biting insects (eg, bees, ants, and ticks), latex, and medications (eg, penicillin) for those who may be allergic
- Age: Adolescents and young adults may be at an increased risk of having a life-threatening allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) triggered because of inconsistent behaviors in avoiding known triggers
Factors that may increase the severity of a life-threatening allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) include (Figure 2):
- Age: The elderly may be at an increased risk of having a life-threatening allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) because of accompanying disorders and medications used to treat accompanying disorders such as heart disease. In addition, the elderly may be at an increased risk of having a life-threatening allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) if they are exposed to insect venom (eg, stung by an insect)
- Disorders which make the symptoms of a life-threatening allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) difficult to recognize such as impaired vision, seizures, or depression
- Medications or chemicals which make the symptoms of a life-threatening allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) difficult to recognize such as antidepressants, sedatives, or alcohol
- Disorders such as asthma (especially if severe or not controlled with medication), heart disease, high blood pressure and cerebrovascular disease, such as stroke
- Certain medications used in the treatment of heart disease such as beta-blockers, which may block the medicinal benefits of epinephrine
Talk to your health care professional to determine if you may be at risk for a life-threatening allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) — and if you should be prescribed an EpiPen® (epinephrine) Auto-Injector. It’s important that those at risk for a life-threatening allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) try to avoid known allergy-causing triggers and always carry an EpiPen Auto-Injector.
A life-threatening allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) are unpredictable, and mild symptoms can progress rapidly to a severe reaction that may be life-threatening.
